History of Veracruz

Over the centuries, Veracruz has been the stage of major historical events and has been granted the title of Four Times Heroic City and Port of Veracruz, awarded for the defence of the city at four decisive moments in the history of Mexico.

First heroic deed: 1825
On 18 November 1825, Mexican forces secured the surrender of the Spanish garrison still holding the fortress of San Juan de Ulúa, the last Spanish stronghold on Mexican soil after independence.

Second heroic deed: 1838
During the so-called Pastry War, Veracruz was attacked and bombarded by French forces. The population and the Mexican forces resisted the intervention, making the port the scene of one of the first international conflicts of independent Mexico.

Third heroic deed: 1847
During the war between Mexico and the United States, Veracruz was defended against the American invasion. The port withstood several days of heavy bombardment before Mexican forces were forced to capitulate.

Fourth heroic deed: 1914
On 21 April 1914, American troops landed in Veracruz. The people of the city, together with cadets from the Naval Academy and members of the armed forces, faced the invasion. Among the defenders was cadet José Azueta, who became one of the symbols of that day.

These four episodes are a fundamental part of the historical identity of Veracruz and explain the recognition of the city as Four Times Heroic.

The history of Veracruz can also be discovered through its historic sites, such as the Fortress of San Juan de Ulúa, the historic centre, the Santiago Bastion, the Naval Museum of Mexico and other buildings and monuments that keep the memory of the city.

From its earliest years as a port to its part in events decisive for Mexico, Veracruz has played a fundamental role in the history of the country.

Veracruz, four times heroic and always present in the history of Mexico.